A means authorized by statute by which a witness, before testifying or producing evidence, may relinquish the right against self-incrimination, thereby making it possible for that testimony to be used [..]

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Also known as. Reference on court documents to indicate a person's known alias or aliases. For example: John Q. Doe, a/k/a John Q. Smith.

A person who knowingly and voluntarily aids, abets, advises or encourages the principal offender in a criminal act.

A verdict after a criminal trial that a defendant has not been proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

A case, cause, suit or controversy disputed or contested before a court of justice.

Proof that a criminal act has occurred.

Evidence which can be legally and properly introduced.

A written statement of fact given voluntarily and under oath.

In the practice of appellate courts, the word means that the decree or order at issue is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.