A region of a chromatid that is distinguished from other cytobands by its shade as a result of applying a staining solution.

One of two or more alternative nucleotide sequences at a single gene locus on a chromosome.

Allele frequency is a term in population genetics that is used in characterizing the genetic diversity of a species population or equivalently the richness of its gene pool. Allele frequency is define [..]

The primary means of establishing an association between a given phenotype and the other covariates, such as other phenotype data or genotype data.

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. In humans, the autosomal chromosomes are numeric (1...22). The non-autosomal chromosomes are X and Y.

A single nucleotide, composed of a nucleobase (nitrogenous base), a five-carbon sugar, and one to three phosphate groups. Together, the nucleobase and sugar comprise a nucleoside.

A pair of complimentary nucleotides. In DNA, the nucleotide adenine (A) always binds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) binds with cytosine (C). In RNA, uracil (U) binds with adenine, rather than thymi [..]

A binary trait has only two possible values, e.g. presence of the trait versus absence of the trait.

A region of DNA that binds sister chromatids into a diploid chromosome.

A complete base pair sequence. A chromatid has a short arm (‘p’ arm) and a long arm (‘q’ arm), separated by the centromere, where the short arm contains fewer bases than the long arm. Each end of the [..]