aufs (advanced multi layered unification filesystem) is a Linux filesystem

An image that has no parent is a base image

boot2docker

btrfs (B-tree file system) is a Linux filesystem

build is the process of building Docker images using a Dockerfile

cgroups is a Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O, network, etc.) of a collection of processes. Docker relies on cgroups to control an [..]

Compose

A container is a runtime instance of a docker image

A data volume is a specially-designated directory within one or more containers that bypasses the Union File System. Data volumes are designed to persist data, independent of the container’s life cycl [..]

The term Docker can refer to