a rod-like form of the DNA molecule containing many hundreds or thousands of genes. The nucleus contains 22 autosomal chromosome pairs as well as one pair of sex chromosomes. In addition to the DNA mo [..]

a chromosome where both chromosomes in a pair are similar. One chromosome from a chromosome pair is obtained from the father, the other one from the mother.

there are two types of chromosomes: X (female) and Y (male). Women have two X chromosomes in a pair (XX) while men have an X and a Y chromosome (XY); the Y chromosome is inherited only from the father [..]

a disease that requires only the presence of one allele in the chromosome pair for its expression, instead of two as is the case with recessive diseases.

a protein, involved in chemical processes of the body. Its aim is to minimize the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to take place, thus facilitating its course. In this way, the subst [..]

a part of the gene sequence, also termed the coding sequence, which remains in place during DNA transcription. The exons, which are spliced together, are then translated and the corresponding protein [..]

the code in a DNA sequence which carries information for protein formation. Genes are passed on from parents to children and give all the information needed for the formation and development of an org [..]

the entire DNA found in the cell nucleus that contains all autosomal chromosomes and both sex chromosomes.

both allele forms of the gene of an individual. The genotype can represent all alleles in the cell, but mainly it is used to describe one or more genes exerting a common effect on a trait.

the process of determining an individual's genotype, whereby the genotype of one or more genes is studied. Genotyping of a disease or association with a certain ethnic group is a process that use [..]