the tendency for a shaft to twist. More torque means more tendency to twist. Early graphite shafts tended to be higher torque than their steel counterparts. Today graphite shafts are much lower torque [..]

the angle at which the club impacts the ball. That angle can be steep or shallow, descending or ascending. Ball flight, backspin and distance are all affected by angle of attack.

the wedge between the pitching wedge and the sand wedge. Loft is typically between 46-52 degrees. Also called a Gap Wedge.

on wedges, the degree of roundness of the sole of the club. Bounce helps the clubhead get through sand and long grass without digging in. See “wedges” for more information.

a golf club used in golf’s early days and roughly comparable to a 2-wood.

the type of steel used in forged clubs. A combination of iron and carbon minerals produces a soft steel that is more maleable for the forging process.

the type of club that removes weight from the back of the clubhead producing a cavity. That weight is then moved to the perimeter of the club (see perimeter weighting)

the manufacturing process where molten metal is poured into preformed casts of the clubhead (see investment casting). See golf club design for more information.

that point in the clubhead where the most mass is located. Also called center of mass.

in putters when the shaft enters the clubhead in the center. See putters for more information.