a European fresh-water fish of the carp family. Turnsole

a group of plants whose roots give off a red dye; used primarily as a coloring agent, but according to some early herbalists, "it helps old ulcers, hot inflammations, and burnings by common f [..]

the herb was used in salads and the root to impart a clovelike flavor to ale. Avens was considered "the blessed herb" and according to the Ortus Sanitatus (Garden of Health), printed [..]

a variety of white apple. According to Boorde, apples "doth comforte the stomacke, and doth make good dygestyon, specyally yf they be rostyd or baken." Borage

a European fresh-water fish related to the carp; any of various salt-water fishes, as the sea bream. Bullace

a type of small onion no longer cultivated. Chickweed

a young or small cod, perhaps salted; Furnivall notes that "ling" may be a corruption of "lying" in salt. Coffin

the sugar paste in which whole spices were dipped; confectioned spices were used as garnishes and eaten at the end of feasts, to aid digestion. Cubeb

a large brownish wading bird. Cygnet

sometimes called bullace, this bluish black plum is named for the place of its origin, Damascus. Dittany