Excitation means to energize atoms and molecules, or shift from a low-energy state to a high-energy state. An "excited" state is produced, for example, by applying ultraviolet light to a flu [..]

A phenomenon where the fluorescent signal intensity irreversibly decays when a fluorescent protein is continuously illuminated. There are two techniques to observe the inside of a cell using photoblea [..]

An index to measure the resolution of a microscope's objective lens. Defined as a numeric value, it represents the range over which the objective lens can gather light. The greater the numeric va [..]

The blurring or distortion of an image in the optical system of a microscope. It is classified into monochromatic and color aberration. Monochromatic has five types - spherical, comatic, astigmatism, [..]

A technique to visualize antigen-antibody reaction, which is normally invisible. This clarifies the localization of an antigenic substance in a tissue or cell. For antibodies, fluorescent reagents, fe [..]

The oldest human-derived cell line. This cancer cell has been cultivated after being derived from a cervical cancer patient, Henrietta Lacks, in the United States in 1951. This cell has been widely us [..]

The oldest human-derived cell line. This cancer cell has been cultivated after being derived from a cervical cancer patient, Henrietta Lacks, in the United States in 1951. This cell has been widely us [..]

Existence in a limited or partial space. For example, localization of biofunctional molecules such as proteins in cells can be visualized using a confocal laser microscope.

An acronym for fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This is a phenomenon where excitation energy moves from a fluorescent molecule (donor) to another fluorescent molecule (accepter) when they are l [..]

Programmed cell death. This occurs when a tissue is formed or an abnormal/unnecessary cell is removed. Unlike external injury, this cell death does not cause an inflammatory response because intracell [..]