Techno Crime is the term used by law enforcement agencies to denote criminal activity that uses (computer) technology, not as a tool to commit the crime, but as the subject of the crime itself. Techno [..]

NIST was formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). NIST is the government agency that sets weights and measures for the United States. It is an agency of the Commerce Department. In security an [..]

NIST was formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). NIST is the government agency that sets weights and measures for the United States. It is an agency of the Commerce Department. In security an [..]

A number used only once. Nonces are an important element of many protocols because they help protect against replay attacks. By incorporating a unique nonce in the protocol the attacker cannot replay [..]

For e-commerce and other electronic transactions, including ATMs (cash machines), all parties to a transaction must be confident that the transaction is secure, that the parties are who they say they [..]

A device is nonvolatile if it does not lose its contents when its power is removed. Nonvolatile memory is useful in microcomputer circuits because it can provide instructions for a CPU as soon as the [..]

The only provably secure cipher is the one-time pad. Keying material (k) of the same length as the message is exclusive-ORed (⊕) with the plaintext message (m) to obtain t he ciphertext. Decryption us [..]

Unscrupulous contract manufacturers (CM) will overbuild on a program or contract and sell the excess on the gray market.

Penetration is intrusion, trespassing, or unauthorized entry into a system. Merely contacting the system or using a keyboard to enter a password is not penetration, but gaining access to the contents [..]

Physical security consists of protection measures to safeguard the organization's systems. Physical security includes, but is not limited to, restrictions on entry to premises, restrictions on en [..]