Plug and socket pairs with a unique mechanical profile which can only be mated with eachother in a particular orientation and which do not allow mating with connectors of a different design.

The charging current which can safely be continuously supported by the battery, regardless of the state of the charge.

A high power Sodium Polysulfide Bromine "Flow Battery".

The voltage drop across the cell during passage of current due to the internal resistance of the cell. Also known as IR loss or IR drop.

Batteries which are stored in an inactive state without their electrolyte. They are only activated when needed by the introduction of the electrolyte. See also Water-activated batteries and Ampoule ba [..]

A safety device which interrupts a circuit when it detects excessive temperature.

The energy generated or lost as heat due to the internal resistance of the battery. Also known as the Joule heating effect.

A non-conductive semi-permeable film or grid to separate 2 electrodes to prevent them from contacting each other and short-circuiting but which allows the passage of ions through it.

The means by which a battery is maintained within its operating temperature limits during charging and discharging.

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. It has the output switching and conduction characteristics of a bipolar power transistor but is voltage controlled like the MOSFET giving the high current carrying c [..]