An economic development strategy that emphasizes export promotion as the engine of economic growth. Proponents of this strategy emphasize the correlation between growth in exports and growth in the ag [..]

Informal name used to designate the World Bank Group of four affiliated international institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD--q.v.), the International Developmen [..]

An incremental tax applied to the value added at each stage of the processing of a raw material or the production and distribution of a commodity. It is calculated as the difference between the produc [..]

Under a papal bull issued in 1493, Spain was awarded lands west and south of the line of demarcation, and Portugal received lands east and south. Dissatisfied with this arrangement, however, Portugal [..]

Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. tariff

Method of cultivation whereby areas of the forest are burned and cleared for planting, the ash providing some fertilization. Area is cultivated for several years and then left fallow for a decade or l [..]

The value of foreign exchange corrected for differences between external and domestic inflation. Rio Treaty (Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance)

Agriculture, extractive activities, and fishing. real (pl., reais; R$)

The theory that genuine knowledge is acquired by science and that metaphysical speculation has no validity. Positivism, based largely on the ideas of the French philosopher Auguste Comte, was adopted [..]

The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political practice. "popular" sectors