The vertical difference between high tide and low tide.

Wave energy is related to wave height and describes the force a wave is likely to have on a shoreline. Different environments will have lower or higher wave energy depending on environmental factors l [..]

The resulting temporary rise in sea level due to the action of wind stress on the water surface and low atmospheric pressure created during storms which can cause coastal flooding. Surge is the differ [..]

Systems Approach to Geomorphic Engineering

A longshore segment of a shoreline where influences and impacts, such as wind direction, wave energy, littoral transport, etc. mutually interact.

A low revetment placed offshore from an existing marsh or in conjunction with sand fill to create or widen a marsh where it does not occur naturally.

Shoreline stabilization approaches that integrate living components, such as plantings, with strategically placed structural elements, such as sills, revetments, and breakwaters.

Perpendicular structure projecting from the shoreline. Intercepts water flow and sand moving parallel to the shoreline to prevent beach erosion, break waves, and retain sand placed on beach.

The worldwide increase in the volume of the world's oceans that occurs as a result of thermal expansion and melting ice caps and glaciers.

A cross shore distance along open water over which wind blows to generate waves. For any given shore, there may be several fetch distances depending on predominant wave direction.