– a ‘form’ of a gene. For example you might have a gene for hair colour, which has multiple alleles – each of which codes for different colour.

a set of molecules which in sequence make up proteins. Each amino acid is represented in a gene by a specific codon.

not to be confused with synthetic life, artificial life is the simulation of life within computer based models. This means the study of “life” in different worlds to ours. For example, one could look [..]

the process whereby humans select which of a set of organisms can breed and which cannot, effectively breeding for or against certain traits. This is the oldest form of genetic engineering.

Originally a science fiction genre (being a sub-genre of cyberpunk), but now also a technoprogressive social movement advocating open access to genetic information.

codons are sequences of three nucleotides which encode a single amino acid in a protein sequence. There are more codons than there are amino acids, so some codons are linked to the same protein (this [..]

 – deoxyribose nucleic acid, a very small double helix made up of a sugar backbone and a sequence of four nucleotides (Adenine

Meta-regulation of gene expression by potentially heritable modifications to DNA (such as DNA methylation

a natural process whereby mutations and recombinations of DNA change in frequency in a population over time due to the differential fitness they confer. Evolution explains the vast diversity of life o [..]

 – A section of DNA which encodes for a single protein.