The process of forming an adherent phosphate coating on a metal by immersion in a suitable aqueous phosphate solution. This operation is performed at the mill to improve metal formability.

A precision measuring device with parallel jaws or legs, with a shape similar to a clock face. The device is used to measure linear dimensions, thickness, or diameter.

The location of the drive motors, pulleys, and gear reducers on the side of the tube mill, opposite where the operator will work.

A solid-state welding process that joins two pieces of metal by applying heat and pressure. The process is autogenous (it doesn’t use filler metal). In blacksmith work, the pressure is delivered by a [..]

Heat-affected zone. The portion of the base metal which has not been melted but whose mechanical properties or microstructure has been altered by the heat of welding or cutting.

Passing a steel strip through a molten zinc bath for the purpose of protecting the surface from corrosion.

The work-hardening exponent of sheet steel which indicates how much the material strengthens when the material is deformed.

The theoretical or stated value of the OD, ID, or wall dimension as specified by the customer. Usually refers to pipe sizes up to and including 12-inch IPS.

The mean or average measurement of the wall thickness.

Examination of materials or products to detect, locate, measure, and evaluate defects. The examination is conducted in ways that do not affect future usefulness of the materials or products. Test meth [..]