Periods in winter that are free from frost, snow or rain.

Petals or florets curving outward or backward.

A plant that has completely filled its pot with roots is said to be pot-bound. When turned out of the pot, only roots are visible.

Apples, pears

The angle between the leafstalk and the stem.

Arising in the axil.

The mass of soil and roots of a pot-grown plant.

The excretion of sap, usually as a result of late pruning.

A condition in which a plant has no growing point. Frequent in seedlings of brassicas

A powdery, waxy substance found on some fruits and leaves, especially those of plants that like dry conditions.