Careful removal of seedlings from the original seed-tray into a roomier pot or growing space.

The opposite of acidic soil, this chalky soil has pH of more than 7.5 and turns litmus paper blue.

Dark, blackish humus formed from the decomposition of organic matter. Can be used to enrich soil or as a mulch.

The dead part of a shoot or branch that has been incorrectly pruned.

A plant with a column-like shape to it.

Propagating by taking the stem or bud of one plant and joining it to the root or stem of another.

Pruning back the main branches of a tree or shrub by a third to half.

What you are doing when you temporarily plant a tree or shrub in a holding-bed until you are ready to find a permanent home for it.

Dark brown organic material formed from the decomposition of vegetable and certain animal matter. Humus is necessary to enrich soil and give it the necessary life to nourish and sustain plants.

A new plant produced by crossing two genetically different plants from the same or a closely related species. Not all hybrids are improvements on the parent species.