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Definitions (35)
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Agriculture
The science and business of producing crops and/or livestock that provides food, fabric, and fuel.
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Agricultural Biotechnology
Using molecular or cellular biology techniques to advance genetic improvement of plants or animals to enhance their productivity.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens
A soil bacterium used in biotechnology to transfer genes to plant cells as a result of its ability to naturally transfer DNA into a plant host.
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Allele
An alternative version, or variant, of a given gene.
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Bacillus thuringiensis
A soil microorganism that is used as a biological insecticide by farmers—including organic farmers—to control pests. Additionally, the cry gene from this microorganism has been engineered into some crops to confer insect resistance.
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Biofortification
To engineer or alter the metabolism of a plant to produce higher levels of a specific nutrient.
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Biotechnology
The practice of using tools from cellular biology, molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry to improve genetic attributes of plants, animals, and other organisms.
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Breeding
The human-facilitated mating of plants or animals with the objective of genetic improvement through selection.
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Chromosome
Determines the inheritance of traits; made up of proteins and a molecule of DNA combined in a long, threadlike structure.
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Cisgenics
Transfer of gene(s) from one plant line to another using recombinant DNA technology—but only using sequences from sexually-compatible species.
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