a stain used to differentiate bacteria (typically mycobacteria). The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is a common acid-fast stain.

precautions used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonised with highly transmissible pathogens that can be spread by airborne, droplet or contact transmission.

A fine mist or spray that contains minute particles and may contain microorganisms.

the spread of infectious microorganisms through the air, usually over distances greater than one metre from the infected host.

ability to grow in the absence of oxygen.

procedures used to prevent microbial contamination of living tissue or sterile materials.

colloquial term for steam under pressure steriliser, the more appropriate term is steam under pressure sterilisation

the number and types of microorganisms present on an item.

an agent that destroys microorganisms.

a matrix of microorganisms and extracellular material that attaches to surfaces that are bathed with liquids.