A fabricated steel cylinder fitted with hydraulic jacks that is incorporated into a pipeline between two pipes segments. Its function is to distribute the jacking load over the pipe string on long drives.

A fabricated ring, usually made from steel, that serves to mate the microtunneling machine to the first pipe section. The purpose of the adapter ring is to create a waterproof seal between the machine and the spigot of the first joint.

Speed of advance of a pipe jack or other trenchless installation through the ground, generally expressed as either millimetres per minute or metres per day.

Planned and actual location in the vertical and horizontal direction of the product from the entry pit to the exit pit.

The degree of deflection that the drill pipe and product can safely tolerate without risk of damage to the pipe or product.

The angle between two consecutive pipes

Material for grouting the annular space between the host pipeline and the lining system.

The void created by the difference in diameters between the shield and jacking pipe.

A shield of two sections where the front section can be deflected to steer the shield or cutting head.

A technique for forming a bore from a start or drive shaft to a reception shaft by means of a rotating cutterhead. Spoil is removed back to the drive shaft by helically wound auger flights rotating in a steel casing. This equipment may have limited steering capability.