Between about 20,000 and 14,000 years ago, massive continental ice caps lowered sea levels to such an extent that large areas of the Chukchi and Bering seafloors were exposed as vast low-lying plains connecting Asia and North America forming a land bridge that extended from Alaska to the eastern tip of Siberia.. This dry arctic steppe biome support [..]

see lithic materials

see lithic materials

an elongated flake scar running along the center of a projectile point. Paleoindian points such as Clovis and Folsom had this characteristic flake pattern. flute

the method used to attach projectile points to their wooden shafts. Animal sinew was a common material hafting

A lanceolate projectile point is long and lance-like. It is a term applied to many of the long, thin spear points from the early period in Alberta.

A group of mammals which were usually very large. They include the mammoth, mastodon, and giant bison. Most of these animals became extinct at the end of the last ice age.

see lithic materials

see lithic materials

Refugia were areas free of ice during glacial periods. Larger refugia during the last glaciation included Beringia and those parts of North America south of the ice along with sections of the ice-free corridor east of the Rocky Mountains. There were also smaller refugia, often only a few square kilometres, called nunatuks. Nunatuks were heights of [..]