3D Club Face 3D Club Path Angle of Attack Bounce Club Face Angle D Plane Dynamic Loft Face Balance Flipping Frequency Gear Effect Horizontal Swing Plane Hot Melt Loft Lie Angle Over the Top Shaft Flex Smash Factor Spin Axis Spin Loft Spining and PUREing Swing Plane Toe Hang Tip Trim Topline Vertical Swing Plane    

The 3D Club Face is where the club face is pointed in three dimensional space. This is distinguished from Club Face Angle because Club Face Angle is typically a two dimensional term: left or right of target with no consideration for the vertical component, loft.    

3D Club Path, or Resultant Path, is the club’s path, measured relative to the target, at impact. This is different from Horizontal Swing Plane because it takes into account Angle of Attack and Vertical Swing Plane.  

Angle of Attack is the vertical angle at which the club head is moving at impact. A positive AoA means you are hitting up on the ball, a negative AoA means you are hitting down. Angle of Attack is a main component of Spin Loft and, thus, spin. One of the major discoveries in golf science is that having a shallow (or positive, with the driver) AoA i [..]

Bounce is the angle between the ground and the leading edge of the golf club at address. This affects how the leading edge of golf club interacts with the ground.    

Club Face Angle is the angle of the club face, relative to the target line, at impact. Positive values mean that the face is pointing right of the target, negative values mean the face is pointed left of the target. This is the dominant factor in the ball’s horizontal starting direction.    

The D Plane is a model used to explain ball flight. The D Plane consists of two vectors: the top vector is the 3D Club Face and the bottom vector is the 3D Club Path. The ball will start between the two vectors and curve towards the Club Face vector. *Note: The D Plane model assumes a perfect centered hit (i.e. no Gear Effect). Gear Effect can caus [..]

Dynamic Loft is the amount of loft on the club face at impact. It can be more or less than the static, measured loft of the golf club being used depending on the golfer’s technique, the shaft, etc.    

Flipping is a frequently used term in golf instruction that is meant to imply that the golfer is extending (anatomically speaking) their left wrist or moving it into a cupped position at impact. On video, the golfer’s hands are seen behind the clubhead at impact. Flipping is viewed as the opposite of what professionals do: having a straight (bowed/ [..]

Frequency is the measurement of the rate of oscillations of a given shaft at a given head weight and club length. The frequency of a shaft or a golf club is used to determine the flex of that shaft using a dynamic method versus a static method.