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Definitions (73)
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additive
For application to characters, see ordered. As applied to trees, it refers to whether distances measured along the branches of the tree add up to the observed distances (from a matrix of pair-wise distance comparisons among terminal taxa).
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Alignment
The determination of positional homology for molecular sequences, involving the juxtaposition of amino acids or nucleotides in homologous molecules.
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anagenesis
See phylesis.
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analogy
See homoplasy.
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apomorphy
A relatively derived or advanced or unique character state (cf. autapomorphy, synapomorphy, plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy).
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Area cladogram
A tree that displays historical relationships among geographic areas, rather than phylogenetic relationships among taxa.
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attribute
The possession by an organism of a particular feature, e.g. this tree is rough-barked, that tree is half-barked (cf. character and character states).
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Autapomorphy
An apomorphy in a terminal taxon; diagnoses the terminal but is uninformative about relationships to other terminals; therefore of no use for cladistic tree-building.
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binary
A character type with only two states (usually given as 0, 1), in which a change in either direction between the states is one step (cf. ordered, unordered, Dollo, irreversible).
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Character
Any heritable attribute of organisms that varies among terminal taxa, and so is useful for phylogenetic reconstruction.
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