Department of Statistics (1992). New Zealand Standard Areas Classification Manual

The excess of births over deaths. When deaths exceed births, this is a negative natural increase, or natural decrease.

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People present in a given area at a given time. The 'census night population count' is a census measure, and the 'estimated de facto population' is a demographic measure, of the de facto population concept. Statistics NZ stopped producing population estimates based on the de facto population concept in 1997, instead using the es [..]

See Usual residence

Population estimates are produced using data from the most recent Census of Population and Dwellings, updated with estimates of the components of demographic change (births, deaths, and net migration) since that last census.

 Estimate type

The movement of people from one area to another. When the movement is between countries, it is called international migration; when it is within a country it is called internal migration.

Undercount (undercoverage)

For statistical purposes, the term 'New Zealand' refers to geographic New Zealand. In addition to North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands, this includes offshore islands such as: Kermadec Islands, Three Kings Islands, Mayor Island, Motiti Island, White Island, Moutohora Island, Bounty Islands, Snares Islands, Antipodes Islands, Aucklan [..]