A carbohydrate that consists of 3–9 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic linkages. Some are prebiotics. 1

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A specific protein produced in the blood or tissues as part of the immune response to a foreign antigen such as a bacterium, toxin or food protein. The antibody interacts with the antigen, thereby inactivating it and thus forming the basis of immunity. [1]

A substance that the body recognises as foreign and that can evoke an immune response. Most often, an antigen is a peptide or protein (e.g. bacterial antigen, food antigen or toxin). 1

A genetic susceptibility to exhibit hypersensitivity reactions (eexaggerated immune responses) to common antigens e.g. atopic eczema in response to a common foodstuff. 1

Low molecular weight proteins (other than antibodies) produced by various cell types and involved in cell-to-cell communication and control of the inflammatory and immune response. Cytokines include interferons, interleukins and lymphokines. 1

The anaerobic oxidation of organic compounds to generate metabolic energy in the absence of oxygen as an electron sink. Reduction equivalents are released as hydrogen, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, methane, organic acids or alcohols. For example, the oxidation of carbohydrates to short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ethanol, lactic acid and/or gases to pr [..]

Polysaccharide:

Polysaccharide:

Polysaccharide: