The appearance of an animal that is hunching its back and drawing up its abdomen in at attempt to expand its lungs.

Lesions filled with pus that is essentially dead white blood cells that had come in to fight the bacteria causing the lesions. Abscesses often are walled off by connective tissue in the body’s attempt to contain the site of infection.

A minor bacterial species in the BRD complex.

Sudden and severe. In BRD, acute onset is more easily detected than sub-acute disease, so treatment may be administered sooner and therefore more effectively.

Contamination or spoilage.

Loss of appetite.

Single-cell organisms that can infect tissue, multiply extremely rapidly, and secrete toxins (poisons) that kill healthy tissue cells and immune system cells.

Single-cell organisms that can infect tissue, multiply extremely rapidly, and secrete toxins (poisons) that kill healthy tissue cells and immune system cells.

The poisons produced by bacteria. There are two types: those secreted by the bacteria (exotoxins) and those contained within the bacteria (endotoxins).

Bovine Herpes Virus-1, more commonly known as IBR, or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. It is one of the viruses that may infect the lungs and predispose them to bacterial infection. IBR is associated with other conditions, such as reproductive disease.