Very popular plastic material which is usually designated by its abrevation PVC. Because it was one of the earliest plastic materials and because its characteristics can be modified by additives in a large degree it has been applied in a huge variety of applications. General specifics:Low priceSaving fossile ressources because half of the mass, the [..]

"Atmosphere" is composed from the greek expressions "Atmos" = dust, fog and "spharia" = sphere. Therefore in its historic sense it concerns the gaseous hull around the earth In its contemporary interpretation the word Atmosphere may concern: 1. The gaseous hull around the globe in its typical co [..]

Microelectromechanical systems: systemes in which computers are connected with little mechanical devices like sensors, valves, gears, mirrors, and controllers integrated in semiconductor chips. MEMS are employed e. g. as acceleration sensors in automotive airbags. They can blow up airbags depending on the measured acceleration and taking into accou [..]

Designation for the chemical elements, which, in pure form, in form of alloys or intermetallic compounds, featute all of the following characteristics:Chrystallinity, metallic gloss, strength, ductility, strengthenibility, electrical and thermal conductivity, decomposition in particular acids under formation of salt solutions, in which the metals e [..]

Coating non-metallic substrates by a metallic layer by one of the following technologies: galvanic, chemical reaction of metallic minerals or by vapour deposition.  The adherence of metallic coatings can be improved by plasma cleaning or by plasma activation. Temperature sensitive substrates can be protected by metallization. Metallization enables [..]

Mass Flow Controller. Electronic device integrated into pneumatic systems to precisely control the volume of a gas flow. In a computer controlles plasma system MFC control the flow of process gases. Optionally MFC also can be used to control gas flow in semi-automatic plasma systems.

Atmospheric plasma generated with low generating power and low temperature which enables plasma treatment of structures in the magnitude of 1 - 1000 µm.    

Frequently used device used in chemical, biological or medical analysis containing a multitude of wells to contain fluid substances for analysis. Normally microwells are square plastic elements with well-dimensions differing by magnitudes Microwells are often plasma treated to influence their fluid transport performance. A liquid needs to wet the s [..]

Microwaves (2,45 GHz) are employed as excitation for low pressure plasmas. The advantages are the low price and the high efficiency in etching and polymerisation process. The disadvantages are the need for complicated wiring, high voltages, the restriction to glass recipients and the bad homogeneity.

Molecules of gases at temperatures above 0 Kelvin are allways in motion. Under atmospheric conditions the collide any few micrometers because of the high density. Under vaccum conditions the distance between two impacts can be many centimeters (10-3 mbar. Mean free (way-)path is the mean distance betwwen two impacts within a gas volume.